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Punjab is a unique South Asian region with regard to its, political and administrative history and socio-economic setup. Its socio-political setup has been subjected to many changes in the past. The influence of its historical background on the population characteristics and behavior needs not to be over emphasized. The characteristics and attitude of population in Punjab, specifically socio-political and economic setup, either directly or indirectly is strongly linked to its long earned history. Social customs and economic activities of the people of this area are linked with their historically earned attitudes and traditions. It can be, therefore, worthwhile to have a brief analysis of its historical background pertaining to socio-political changes. The study in point is an earnest effort in this regard. It presents a brief view of socio-political setup of pre-partition and post-partition Punjab. Instigating from etymology, the entire endeavor have been divided into several temporal phases that are based on various groups and invaders which have influenced the region during different periods of time. The influence of these phases on the society has been integrated to present a clear picture of the socio-political set up of Punjab.