This study is based on a systematic literature review. It critically examines the intersection of labor laws and human resource management (HRM) practices in the context of the emerging digital landscape in Pakistan. Using the PRISMA Framework for shortlisting 56 peer-reviewed studies that were published between 2010 to 2024; this study explains to what extent the existing labor laws and regulations align with the changing dynamics of digital HRM, flexible work arrangements, and a growing gig economy in Pakistan. This study found that significant gaps in Pakistan’s labor laws exist and these labor laws are mostly insufficient to protect freelancers, platform workers, and remote employees working in different sectors. Although, the practices of digital HRM such as online recruitment, AI-based performance management, and cloud-based HR systems have gained popularity in formal sectors of the economy; their adoption remains irregular; especially among SMEs and public sector institutions. This review identified major themes in the literature, and critical implications for HR professionals, policymakers, and organizations. This study calls for context-specific models of HRM, legal reforms to recognize digital labor, and targeted capacity-building initiatives for closing the digital divide. Also, it highlights the need for inclusive policies to ensure decent work, social protection, and the ethical use of technology in employment practices.

Keywords: Labor Laws; Digital Work; HRM; Gig Economy; Legal Gaps; Digital HRM