Translation and Validation of Fears and Resistance to Mindfulness Scale
Abstract
A surge in research has led to increased exploration of mindfulness in recent years, withstudies employing a range of validated assessment scales to examine mindfulness acrossdiverse populations and settings. The Fears and Resistances to Mindfulness Scale (FRMS)comes forth as a precise and comprehensive scale assessing fear and resistance tomindfulness. Previously, FRMS has been translated into Turkish, whereas the present studyestablished psychometric properties of the Urdu translated version of FRMS in Universitystudents. Following this, Brislin’s (1980) translation methodology was employed. The studywas carried out in two phases. In Phase I, the scale was translated into Urdu language. InPhase II, cross-language validation was performed and the translated scale was evaluated forits psychometric properties. Moreover, the role of demographic variables were alsoinvestigated in the assessment of the psychometric properties of the Urdu translated versionof the FRMS among university students. Convenience sample strategy was used for cross-language validation, with a sample of 60 (n=30 girls and n=30 boys) college students, agedbetween 18 to 26 years. For establishing the psychometrics, a sample of 500 participants(n=250 girls and 250 boys), age ranged from 18 to 26 years was recruited from two privateand public universities, selected through a convenience sampling technique. Confirmatoryfactor analysis (CFA) was used to verify the factor structure, while reliability analysis wasconducted to establish the internal consistency of the scale. The findings of the study showedthat the two subscales (fears and resistances) of the FRMS, as well as the total scale, exhibitstrong Cronbach’s alpha reliability values, ranging from .76 to .84. Additionally, thecorrelations between the two subscales are significant and positively associated with eachother and the total scale further supporting the reliability of the Urdu-translated version of theFRMS. The results of CFA demonstrated a good fit model with χ2 = 321.46 (df = 151), p =.000; chi-square/df = 2.1; RMSEA = .04; GFI = .93; CFI = .90; and TLI = .90. In conclusion,our findings broadly supported FRMS as a valid and reliable measure for university students.This translated scale will bridge the gap in psychological assessment tools available in locallanguages also enabling mindfulness trainers to accurately assess mindfulness levels of thosewho are struggling with mindfulness engagement and can evaluate the effectiveness ofmindfulness-based interventions taking into account the participant’s linguistic and culturalbackground.
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