Abstract

AP news values and principles.(2016).Associated Press. Retrievedfrom http://www.ap.org/company/News-ValuesBreecher, M. M. (1996).What do newspaper codes of ethics say, how do they say it, and what happens if minimal standards are notmet?Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University ofAlabama, Tuscaloosa.Bertrand, C. J. (1997). Quality control: Media ethics and accountabilitysystems. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Brennan, B. (1996). Codes of ethics: Who needs them? In V. Alia, B.Brennan, & B. Hoffmaster (Eds.), Deadlines and diversity:Journalism ethics in a changing world (pp. 112–120). Halifax,Nova Scotia: Fernwood.Brossard, D., Shanahan, J., &McComas, K. (2004). Are issue-cyclesculturally constructed? A comparison of French andAmerican coverage of global climate change.MassCommunication and Society, 7, 359-377.Bruun, L. (1979). Professional codes in journalism. Vienna, Austria:International Organization of Journalists.Callahan, S. (2003).New challenges of globalization forjournalists.Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 18, 315.Cooper, T. (1989). Methodological challenges: Comparisons of codesand countries. In T. Cooper, C. G. Christians, F. F. Plude, &R. A. White (Eds.).Communication ethics and global change(pp. 20–39). New York, NY: Longman.Domingo, D.,&Heinonen, A. (2008). Weblogs and journalism: Atypology to explore the blurring boundaries. NordicomReview, 29, 3-15.Ethics guidelines. (2011). The Canadian Association of Journalists.Retrieved from http://www.caj.ca/ethics-guidelines/Fink, A. (1995). Media ethics. Boston, MA: Allyn& Bacon.Goldstein, J., &Rotich.J. (2008). Digitally networked technology inKenya’s 2007–2008 post-election crisis. Berkman Center forInternet and Society. Retrieved fromhttp://cyber.law.harvard.edu/publications/2008/Digitally_Networked_Technology_Kenyas_Post-Election_Crisis,.2008Gordon, F. (2016, January 5). Journalists need to stop exploitingchildren's social media profiles. New Statesman. Retrievedfromhttp://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2016/01/journalists-need-stop-exploiting-childrens-social-mediaprofilesGrabowicz, P. (2011). The transition of digital journalism. Retrievedfrom http://multimedia.journalism.berkeley.edu/tutorials/digitaltransform/blogs/Hafez, K. (2002). Journalism ethics revised: A comparison of ethicscodes in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and MuslimAsia. Political Communication, 19, 225–250.Habermas, J. (1990). Moral consciousness and communicative action.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Habermas, J. 2006. Political communication in mediasociety.Communication Theory,16, 411–426.Harro-Loit, H., Lang, J., &Himma-Kadakas, M. (2012).Assessingpotentials of journalists’ blogs as an instrument of mediaaccountability in Estonia.Central European Journal ofCommunication, 9, 243-258.Heinrich, A. (2010).Network Journalism: Journalistic Practice inInteractive Spheres.Routledge, London.Hilbert, M. (2011). Digital gender divide or technologicallyempowered women in developing countries? A typical caseof lies, damned lies, and statistics.Women’s StudiesInternational Forum, 34(6), 479–489.Ingram, M. (2011, July 29). Retweeting rumors and the reality of news asa process. Retrieved fromhttps://gigaom.com/2011/07/29/retweeting-rumors-andthe-reality-of-news-as-a-process/Laitila, T. (1995).Journalists’ codes of ethics in Europe.EuropeanJournal of Communication, 10, 527–544. (Issue number ismissing)Langett, J. (2013). Blogger engagement ethics: Dialogic civility in adigital era. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 28, 79-30.Los Angeles Times social media guidelines. (2010) ASNE. Retrievedfromhttp://asne.org/content.asp?pl=236&sl=19&contentid=357Mail and Guardian ethics and social media policy.(2010). Mail&Guardian. Retrieved from http://mg.co.za/page/mailand-guardian-ethics-and-social-media-policyMandelli, A.,&Accoto, C. (2010).Marca e Metrichenei SocialMedia.UniversitaDellaSvizzeraItaliana, Lugano.Marzolf, M. (1991).Civilizing Voices: American Press Criticism, 1880–1950. New York, NY: Longman.Merrill, J.C. (1989). The Dialectic in Journalism. Toward a ResponsibleUse of Press Freedom.Batoun Rouge and London: Louisina State University Press.McNair, B. (2003). From Control to Chaos: Towards a NewSociology of Journalism. Media, Culture & Society, 25(4), 547–555.Merrill, J., & Odell, J. C. (1983).Philosophy and journalism. New York,NY: Longman.Ochman, B. L. (2002, February 1). Want PR? Forget press releases,make blogs and other peer-to-peer PR choices work for you.On Wall Street, 1.O'Donnell, C. (2011, September 12). New Study quantifies use ofsocial media in Arab Spring. UWToday. Retrieved fromhttp://www.washington.edu/news/2011/09/12/newstudy-quantifies-use-of-social-media-in-arab-spring/Oteku, V., de Bastion, G., Schütz, R., &Bierhals, G. (2010).From thebirds eye to the grassroots view. Retrieved fromhttp://www.newthinking.de/files/2010/10/frombirdseye-to-grass-roots.pdfPoor, N. (2006). Mechanisms of an online public sphere: The websiteSlashdot. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication,10(2),article 4.Press Council of India. (2013). Press Council of India’s norms ofjournalistic conduct.Retrieved fromhttp://www.presscouncil.nic.in/home.htmReporting from the internet and using social media. (2013).Handbook of Journalism. Retrieved fromhttp://handbook.reuters.com/index.php?title=Reporting_From_the_Internet_And_Using_Social_MediaRegulations and the law.(2012) Indonesian Press Council. Retrievedfrom http://presscouncil.or.id/hukum/?id=59Roberts, C. (2012). Identifying and defining values in media codesof ethics. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 27, 115-129.Rohan, M. (2000).A rose by any name? The values construct.Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(3), 255.Sawant, P. B. (2003). Accountability in journalism.Journal of MassMedia Ethics, 18, 16-28.Singer, J. (2007). Contested autonomy.Journalism Studies, 8(1).79-95.Shah, H. (1999).Journalism in an age of mass media globalization.Retrieved fromhttp://www.scribd.com/doc/46513023/2577072-Journalism-in-an-Age-of-Mass-Media-Globalization#scribdSmith, B. (2011). Becoming “quirky” towards an understanding ofpractitioner and blogger relations in public relations.PublicRelations Journal, 5(4), 1–17.Social media guidelines for AP employees. (2013). Associated Press.Retrieved from http://www.ap.org/Images/Social-Media-Guidelines_tcm28-9832.pdfThornton, A.L. (2001). Does the Internet create democracy?EcquidNovi:African Journalism Studies, 22(2), 126–147.Tsetsura, K., &Zuo, L. (2009, August).Guanxi, gift-giving, orbribery?Ethical considerations of paid news in China. Paperpresented at the Media Ethics Division of the AEJMCannual conference, Boston, MA.Ward, S.J.A., & Wasserman, H. (2010). Towards an open ethics:Implications of new media platforms toward global ethics discourse. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 25, 275-292.Weber, L. (2009). Marketing to the Social Web: How Digital CustomerCommunities Build Your Business.John Wiley & Sons Inc,Hoboken, NJ.Wright, D. K., & Hinson, M. D. (2010). An analysis of newcommunications media use in public relations: Results of afive-year trend study.Public Relations Journal, 4(2). Retrievedfromhttp://www.prsa.org/SearchResults/download/6D-040202/0/An_Analysis_of_New_Communications_Media_Use_in_Pub?