Assessment of Media Literacy Competencies of Young Media Consumers in Pakistan
Abstract
References
Anderson, C. A., Berkowitz, L., Donnerstein, E., Huesmann, L. R., Johnson, J. D., Linz, D., ... Wartella, E. (2003). The Influence of Media Violence on Youth. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-1006.2003.pspi_1433.x
Ashley, S., Maksl, A., Craft, S., Ashley, S., Maksl, A., Craft, S., ... Craft, S. (2013). Developing a News Media Literacy Scale. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator, 68(1), 7-21. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/1077695812469802
Ashraf, D., Ali, T., & Hosain, A. (2013). Youth Development and Education in Pakistan: Exploring the Relationship. Sisyphus - Journal of Education, 1(2), 162-192. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25749/sis.3634
Aufderheide, P. (1993). Media Literacy: A Report of the National Leadership Conference on Media Literacy. Aspen Institute, Communications and Society Program. Retrieved from Washington, D.C.: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED365294.pdf
Baran, S. J., & Davis, D. K. (2013). Mass Communication Theory: Foundations, Ferment, and Future (8th ed.). eBook, New York: Cengage Learning.
Barton, D., & Hamilton, M. (1999). Local Literacies-Reading and Writing in One Community. Issues in Applied Linguistics, 10(1), 87-92. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x8305h4
Berman, E. A. (2017). An Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Approach to Understanding Researchers ' Data Management Practices at UVM : Integrated Findings to Develop Research Data Services An Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Approach to Understanding, 6(1).
Bond, T. G. (2003). Validity and assessment : a Rasch measurement perspective. Metodologia de Las Ciencias Del Comportamiento, 5(2), 179-194.
Buckingham, D. (2005). The Media Literacy of Young People. Report Prepared for OFCOM, (21 September), 1-75. Retrieved from www.ofcom.org.uk
Bulger, M., & Davison, P. (2018). The Promises, Challenges, and Futures of Media Literacy. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 10(February), 1-21. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-2018-10-1-1
Cabrera, N. L. (2011). Using a Sequential Exploratory Mixed- Method Design to Examine Racial Hyperprivilege in Higher Education, (151), 77-91. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/ir
Caldas, M. P. (2003). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 7(1), 223-223. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1590/s1415-65552003000100015
Cameron, R. (2009). A sequential mixed model research design: design, analytical and display issues. International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches, 3(2).
Cappello, G., Felini, D., & Hobbs, R. (2011). Reflections on Global Developments in Media Literacy Education : Bridging Theory and Practice. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 3(2), 66-73.
Celot, P. (2012). EAVI Studies on Media Literacy in Europe. Medijske Studije, 3(6), 76-82.
Center for Media Literacy. (2021). Media Literacy: A Definition and More [Website]. Retrieved 27 February 2020, from http://www.medialit.org/media-literacy-definition-and-more
Cernison, M., & Ostling, A. (2017). Measuring Media Literacy in the EU: Results from the Media Pluralism Monitor 2015. SSRN Electronic Journal. Retrieved from Badia Fiesolan, Italy: 10.2139/ssrn.2906216
Chakroff, J. L., & Nathanson, A. I. (2008). Parent and School Interventions: Mediation and Media Literacy. In S. L. Calvert & B. J. Wilson (Eds.), The Handbook of Children, Media, and Development. New York, USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed.). Los Angeles, USA.
Culver, S. H., & Jacobson, T. (2012). Media Literacy and Its Use as a Method to Encourage Civic Engagement. Scientific Journal of Media Education, xx(39), 73-80. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3916/C39-2012-02-07
Domine, V. (2011). The Coming of Age of Media Literacy. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 3(1), 8-10.
Dominick, J. R. (2005). The Dynamics of Mass Communication : Media in the Digital Age (5th ed.). eBook, New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Eurobarometer, S. (2013). Standard Eurobarometer 80 - Media Use in the EU. European Commission, (November), 1-72. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb80/eb80_media_en.pdf
European Commission. (2011). Testing and Refining Criteria to Assess Media Literacy Levels in Europe Final Report. Retrieved from http://www.eavi.eu/joomla/images/stories/Publications/study_testing_and_refining_ml_levels_in_europe.pdf
Fetters, M. D., Curry, L. A., & Creswell, J. W. (2013). Achieving Integration in MixedMethods Designs, Principles and Practices. Health Services Research, 48(6 (part 2)), 2134-2156. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.12117
Field, A. (2005). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (2nd ed.). Los Angeles, USA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Gravetter, F., & Wallnau, L. (2017). Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences (10th ed.). eBook, Boston, USA: Cengage Learning.
Guess, A. M., Lerner, M., Lyons, B., Montgomery, J. M., & Nyhan, B. (2020). A digital media literacy intervention increases discernment between mainstream and false news in the United States and India, 117(27). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920498117
Hafeez, E., & Fasih, T. (2018). Growing Population of Pakistani Youth: A Ticking Time Bomb or a Demographic Dividend. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v5i2.2022
Haynes, L. (2004). Creating Discerning Students: Media Literacy in EFL. Journal of the Nanzan Academic Society, 76(June), 53-63.
Hobbs, R. (1998). The seven great debates in the media literacy movement. Journal of Communication, (4), 16-32. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1998.tb02734.x
Hobbs, R. (2011). The State of Media Literacy : A Response to Potter. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 55(3), 419-430. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2011.597594
Hobbs, R. (2017). Measuring the Digital and Media Literacy Competencies of Children and Teens. In F. C. Blumberg & P. J. Brooks (Eds.), Cognitive Development in Digital Contexts (pp. 253-274). London UK: Academic Press. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809481-5.00013-4
Hobbs, R., & Frost, R. (2003). Measuring the acquisition of media-literacy skills. Reading Research Quarterly, 38(3), 330-355. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1598/rrq.38.3.2
Hobbs, R., Ranieri, M., Markus, S., Fortuna, C., Zamora, M., & Coiro, J. (2017). Digital Literacy in Higher Education : A Report.
Hoechsmann, M., & Poyntz, S. R. (2012). Literacies : New and Digital. In Media Literacies: A Critical Introduction (1st ed., pp. 137-150).
Hoechsmann, M., & Wilson, C. (2019). Media Literacy in Canada. In R. Hobbs & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Media Literacy (pp. 1-7). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118978238.ieml0142
Holmes, D. (2005). Communication Theory: Media, Technology, Society. London, UK: SAGE Publications Inc.
Julie Pallant. (2007). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Karaduman, S. (2015). The Role of Critical Media Literacy in Further Development of Consciousness of Citizenship. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 3039-3043. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1095
Kellner, D., & Share, J. (2007). Critical Media Literacy , Democracy , and the Reconstruction of Education. In D. Macedo & S. R. Steinberg (Eds.), Media literacy: A reader (pp. 3-23). New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
Kumar, R. (2011). Research Methodology : a step by step guide for beginners (3rd ed.). PDF Version, Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Inc.
Livingstone, S, Wijnen, C., Papaioannou, T., Costa, C., & del Mar Grandio, M. (2014). Situating media literacy in the changing media environment: Critical insights from European research on audiences. Audience transformations: Shifting audience positions in late modernity. Routledge Studies in European Communication Research and Education. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203523162
Livingstone, Sonia. (2014). Developing social media literacy: How children learn to interpret risky opportunities on social network sites. Communications. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2014-0113
Livingstone, Sonia. (2019). EU Kids Online . In The International Encyclopedia of Media Literacy. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118978238.ieml0065
Maksl, A., Ashley, S., & Craft, S. (2015). Measuring news media literacy. Journal of Media Literacy Education.
Mallon, M. (2018). Media Literacy. Public Services Quarterly, 14(4), 329-341. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/15228959.2018.1519405
Manuel, J., Tornero, P., & Becerra, T. D. (2019). European Perspectives on Media Literacy. In R. Hobbs & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Media Literacy (pp. 1-8). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118978238.ieml0066
Middleton, F. (2019). Reliability vs Validity: what's the difference? Scribbr, 1-7. Retrieved from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/reliability-vs-validity/
Mihailidis, P. (2009). Media Literacy : Empowering Youth Worldwide. Retrieved from Washington,D.C., USA:
Mihailidis, P. (2012). Media Literacy and Learning Commons in the Digital Age: Toward a Knowledge Model for Successful Integration into the 21st Century School Library. The Journal of Research on Libraries and Young Adults, 2, 1-13.
Mihailidis, P., & Thevenin, B. (2013). Media Literacy as a Core Competency for Engaged Citizenship in Participatory Democracy, 1-12. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213489015
Mihailidis, P., & Viotty, S. (2017). Spreadable Spectacle in Digital Culture : Civic Expression , Fake News , and the Role of Media Literacies in " Post-Fact " Society, 1-14. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764217701217
Miller, K. (2005). Communication Theories: Perspectives and Contexts (2nd ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Education.
Mohadjer, L., Krenzke, T., & Van de Kerckhove, W. (2013). Survey of Adult Skills Technical Report Chapter 14: Sampling Design, 65. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/Technical Report_Part 4.pdf
NAMLE. (2018). Media Literacy Defined.
National Association for Media Literacy Education. (2021). The Core Principles of Media Literacy Education. Retrieved 27 February 2020, from https://namle.net/publications/core-principles/
Navarra, T. (2012). A New Definition of Reading : Exploring Media Literacy in a Changing World, (April).
Office of Commuications. (2018). Adults ' Media Use and Attitudes: Research Report. Retrieved from London, UK:
Ontario Ministry of Education. (1989). Media Literacy: Intermediate and Senior Divisions, 1989. Retrieved from Ontario, Canada:
Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS Survival Manual A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis using SPSS for Windows third edition.
Papaioannou, T. (2011). Assessing Digital Media Literacy among Youth through Their Use of Social Networking Sites, (15).
Paul Mihailidis. (2008). Beyond Cynicism: How Media Literacy Can Make Students More Engaged.
Potter, J. (2010). The State of Media Literacy. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 54(4), 675-696. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2011.521462
Potter, J. (2013). Review of literature on media literacy. Sociology Compass, 7(6), 417-435. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12041
Potter, J. (2019). Media Literacy (9th ed.). eBook-PDF version, Los Angeles, USA: Sage Publications, Inc. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosm064
Potter, J., & Thai, C. L. (2019). Reviewing Media Literacy Intervention Studies for Validity. Review of Communication Research, 7(2019), 38-66. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.12840/ISSN.2255-4165.018
Prats, J. F., & Matilla, A. G. (2019). Media Literacy in Spain. In R. Hobbs & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia ofMedia Literacy (pp. 1-10). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118978238.ieml0164
Primack, B. A., Gold, M. A., Switzer, G. E., Hobbs, R., Land, S. R., & Fine, M. J. (2006). Development and validation of a smoking media literacy scale for adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 160(4), 369-374. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.160.4.369
Primack, B. A., & Hobbs, R. (2009). Association of Various Components of Media Literacy and Adolescent Smoking. American Journal of Health Behavior, 33(2), 192-201. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.33.2.8
Ptaszek, G., & Lysik, M. (2019). Media Literacy in Poland. In R. Hobbs & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Media Literacy (pp. 1-7). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118978238.ieml0160
Pungente, J. J. (n.d.). Canada's Key Concepts of Media Literacy [Website Article]. Retrieved 21 January 2021, from https://www.medialit.org/reading-room/canadas-key-concepts-media-literacy
Raich, R. M., Portell, M., & Peláez-Fernández, M. A. (2010). Evaluation of a School-Based Programme of Universal Eating Disorders Prevention: Is it More Effective in Girls at Risk? European Eating Disorders Review, 18(1), 49-57. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.968
Sauerteig, D. L., Gutierrez, M. F. C., Toven-Lindsey, B., & Dahl, I. H. (2019). Media Literacy for the 21st Century Teacher. In R. Hobbs & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Media Literacy (pp. 1-11). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118978238.ieml0009
Shepherd, G. J. (1993). Building a Discipline of Communication. Journal of Communication, 43(3), 83-91. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01279.x
Sholle, D., & Denski, S. (1994). Media education and the (re)production of culture. Massachusetts, USA: Bergin & Garvey.
Silverblatt, A., Ferry, J., & Finan, B. (2015). Approaches to Media Literacy: A Handbook (2nd ed.). eBook, Los Angeles, USA: Taylor & Francis.
Silverblatt, A., Smith, A., Miller, D., Smith, J., & Brown, N. (2014). Media Literacy : Keys to Interpreting Media Messages (4th ed.). Santa Barbara, California, USA: Praeger.
Simons, M., Meeus, W., T'Sas, J., & Sas, J. T. (2017). Measuring Media Literacy for Media Education: Development of a Questionnaire for Teachers' Competencies. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 9(1), 99-115. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-2017-9-1-7
Snelson, C. L. (2016). Qualitative and Mixed Methods Social Media Research : A Review of the Literature, (December), 1-15. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406915624574
Social media - Statistics & Facts. (2021). [Website]. Retrieved 29 January 2021, from https://www.statista.com/topics/1164/social-networks/
Tariq, W., Mehboob, M., & Khan, M. A. (2012). The Impact of Social Media and Social Networks on Education and Students of Pakistan. International Journal of Computer Science Issues, 9(4), 407-411.
Thoman, E., & Jolls, T. (2003). Literacy For the 21st Century: An Overview & Orientation Guide To Media Literacy Education. Retrieved from www.medialit.org/medialitkit
Tulodziecki, G. (2019). Media Literacy in Germany. In R. Hobbs & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia ofMedia Literacy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118978238.ieml0149
Tulodziecki, G., & Grafe, S. (2019). Media Competence. In R. Hobbs & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Media Literacy (pp. 1-14). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118978238.ieml0113
Turner, K. H., Jolls, T., Hagerman, M. S., O'Byrne, W., Hicks, T., Eisenstock, B., ... Pytash, K. E. (2017). Developing Digital and Media Literacies in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics, 140(November 2017), 122-127. Retrieved from www.aappublications.org/news
UNESCO. (2013). Conceptual relationship of information literacy and media literacy. Conceptual Relationship of Information Literacy and Media Literacy in Knowledge Societies, 76-89. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/wsis/WSIS_10_Event/WSIS_-_Series_of_research_papers_-_Conceptual_Relationship_between_Information_Literacy_and_Media_Literacy.pdf#page=103
UNESCO. (2021). MIL as Composite Concept | UNESCO [Website]. Retrieved 27 February 2020, from http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/media-development/media-literacy/mil-as-composite-concept/
Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. R. (2012). Mass Media Research: An Introduction (10th ed.). eBook, Boston, USA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
World Bank. (2019). Pakistan Total Population. Retrieved 26 January 2021, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=PK
Youth Policy. (2014). Definition of Youth [Website]. Retrieved 9 May 2020, from https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/pakistan/
YouTube for Press. (2021). [Website]. Retrieved 2 March 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/intl/en-GB/about/press/Full Text: PDF
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.