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The ideological debate between conservatives and modernists remains a central issue in Pakistan since its inception. This study arguing that the military rulers tend to keep strategic interest of the country in mind while taking position in the ideological debate between conservatives and modernists. This study traces the history of military regimes in Pakistan and their role in shaping ideology of Pakistan. This current longitudinal study aims to analyze the role and position of military rulers of Pakistan on the debate of Islam and modernity. This study is descriptive, historical and follows the longitudinal analysis to examine the data.