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Vanilla bean is a major natural flavoring agent. It is a perennial fleshy climbing orchid cultivated in several tropical countries, is susceptible to a number of fungal diseases which cause considerable damage to the beans. Penicillium sp. was isolated and identified from infected dried vanilla bean samples during 2016. The infected consignment of 500 kg imported from Madagascar to southern India was incinerated and non-conformity reported to the competent authority.