Surveillance and characterization of Botryosphaeria obtusa causing frogeye leaf spot of Apple in District Quetta
Abstract
Botryosphaeria obtusa (Schwein.) Shoem is an important plant pathogen that causes black rot, frogeye leaf spot and limb canker disease of apple. It is more prevalent in cooler temperate regions and causes substantial yield losses. A survey of different orchards in eight locations of the district Quetta was conducted during 2016 and 2017 for B. obtusa infection. The disease was 100% prevalent in all the surveyed locations. Maximum mean disease incidence was found in Killi Muhammad Hasni (22%) followed by Qambrani (19.5%), Hanna Orak (16%), Killi Gul Muhammad (15.5%), Kuchlak (12.5%) and Lohra Nullah (12%) while minimum in Chashma Achozai (8.5%) and Chiltan (7.5%). Recovered fungal isolates exhibited dark green colonies with moderate aerial mycelium growth that changed to dark brown at maturity. Isolates produced small, single, dark brown to black coloured pycnidia. Rounded large, dark brown to black coloured, aseptate conidia (25 to 26.8 × 10.5 to 12.03 μm) were observed on these pycnidia. Based on cultural appearance and microscopic studies, recovered pathogen was identified as Botryosphaeria obtusa and was reconfirmed by pathogenicity tests on apple cv. Golden Delicious seedlings. This is the first report of B. obtusa infection on apple from Pakistan and results of the present studies can serve as basis of management strategies against this disease.
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