The objectives of this study are to identify the challenges encountered by elementary school science teachers when applying assessment methodologies in the Lahore division and propose feasible ideas to enhance the present assessment system. A qualitative survey was carried out following the Naturalistic philosophical research paradigm. Population for this study consisted of female elementary school teachers while the sample included 18 teachers. A semi-structured interview was developed to collect the data. While thematic analysis was used to analyze it. Mock interviews were used to establish the instrument's dependability and validity was reviewed by four specialists. Major findings were: majority of teachers mentioned issues connected to a limited budget, a lengthy curriculum, overcrowded classrooms, pressure to complete the syllabus in limited time, lack of infrastructure to undertake science practicals and employ various evaluation techniques to boost student learning. It is suggested that the government should offer scientific facilities and additional backing to every government sector primary school for science experiments and enhance/update the paper design for the Punjab Examination Commission for grade VIII.