Abstract

An, J., Quercia, D., & Crowcroft, J. (2013). Fragmented socialmedia: a look into selective exposure to political news. Paperpresented at the Proceedings of the 22nd internationalconference on World Wide Web companion.Campbell, S. W., & Kwak, N. (2008). Mobile Communicationand the Public Sphere: Linking Patterns of Use to Civic andPolitical Engagement. Ann Arbor, 1001, 48104.Castells, M., Fernandez-Ardevol, M., Qiu, J. L., & Sey, A.(2005). Electronic communication and socio-politicalmobilization: A new form of civil society. Global civil society,6, 266-285.DiMaggio, P., Evans, J., & Bryson, B. (1996). Have American'ssocial attitudes become more polarized? American journal ofSociology, 102(3), 690-755.European Union Elections Observations Mission Pakistan.(2013). A Competitive and Improved Election Process inPakistan despite Militant Violence and ProceduralShortcomings. Islamabad: Retrieved fromhttp://www.eueom.eu/files/dmfile/eom-pakistanpreliminary-statement-13052013-en.pdf.Gallup Pakistan. (2013). The New Tide of Voter Turn-out:Report on Voter Turn-out in Pakistan’s National Election:2013. Retrieved fromhttp://gallup.com.pk/election/Report1.pdf.Garrett, R. K. (2009). Politically motivated reinforcementseeking: Reframing the selective exposure debate. Journal ofCommunication, 59(4), 676-699.Gilmore, J., & Howard, P. N. (2013). Does Social Media Makea Difference in Political Campaigns? Digital Dividends inBrazil's 2010 National Elections. Center for Communicationand Civic Engagement Working Paper(2013-2).Haiqing, Y. (2004). The power of thumbs: The politics of SMSin urban China. Graduate Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, 2(2),30-43.Henning, J. (2014). Selective Exposure and Social Media:Discussion on Twitter During Political Events.http://juliaehenning.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/selective-exposure-and-social-media-e28094-discussion-ontwitter-during-political-events.pdfHimelboim, I., McCreery, S., & Smith, M. (2013). Birds of afeather tweet together: Integrating network and contentanalyses to examine cross‐ ideology exposure on Twitter.Journal of Computer‐ Mediated Communication, 18(2), 40-60.Ibahrine, M. (2008). Mobile Communication andSociopolitical Change in the Arab World. Handbook ofmobile communication studies, 257.Johnson, T. J., Bichard, S. L., & Zhang, W. (2009).Communication Communities or “CyberGhettos?”: A PathAnalysis Model Examining Factors that Explain SelectiveExposure to Blogs1. Journal of Computer‐ MediatedCommunication, 15(1), 60-82.Kapucu, N. (2011). Social capital and civic engagement.International Journal of Social Inquiry, 4(1), 23-43.Klapper, J. (1960). The effects of mass communication.Glencoe: The Free Press.Merakou, A. (2013). The Selective Exposure HypothesisRevisited: Does Social Networking Make a Difference?http://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/262829/AMerakou_3776964_Thesis.pdf?sequence=1Miard, F. (2012). Call for power? Mobile phones as facilitatorsof political activism. Cyberspaces and global affairs, 119-144.Muslim, I., Kamboh, M. K., Saleem, A., & Jameel, M. (2014).Diffusion of Political Communication through Text Messageson Mobile Phones. Educational Research International., 3(2),107-115.Pakistan Telecommunication Authority. (2013). AnnualReport 2013. Retrieved from www.pta.gov.pk.Parmelee, J. H., & Bichard, S. L. (2011). Politics and theTwitter revolution: How tweets influence the relationshipbetween political leaders and the public. UK: LexingtonBooks.Prete, M. I. (2007). M-politics: Credibility and effectiveness ofmobile political communications. Journal of Targeting,Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 16(1), 48-56.Rheingold, H. (2008). Mobile Media and Political CollectiveAction. In J. E. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of mobilecommunication studies (pp. 225-239). Massachusetts: MITPress.Riaz, S. (2010). Effects of New Media Technologies onPolitical Communication. Journal of Political Studies, 1(2),161-173.Rothstein, B. (2003). Social capital, economic growth andquality of government: The causal mechanism. New PoliticalEconomy, 8(1), 49-71.Shakel, S. (2013, March 24). Pakistan’s Youth Buldge, TheExpress Tribune. Retrieved fromhttp://tribune.com.pk/story/525778/pakistans-youthbulge/Stroud, N. J. (2010). Polarization and partisan selectiveexposure. Journal of Communication, 60(3), 556-576.Sunstein, C. R. (2009). Republic. com 2.0. Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press.Warner, B. R., & McKinney, M. S. (2013). To unite and divide:The polarizing effect of presidential debates. CommunicationStudies, 64(5), 508-527.