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The study was about ‘A comparative study of Achievement of Students in the Components of Curricular Content of science at Elementary Level’. The objectives of the study were to analyze the achievement level of students in different components of curricular content at elementary level in the Subject of General Science and to compare the achievement level of boys and girls in the Subject of General Science at elementary level. To determine the statistical relationship between the achievement of different components of curricular content at elementary level in the subject of General Science, an achievement test comprising 40 items was developed. Statistical techniques mean, median, mode, standard deviation, frequencies, percentage were used. For comparing the responses of different groups, t-test and Pearson ‘r’ was applied. Students of 8th class whom appeared in annual examination 2015 of Tehsil Chichawatni, District Sahiwal were selected as a sample; sample consisted on both the Govt. girls and Govt. boys’ schools of urban and rural areas. Through this study, it was found that the highest mean score of students was in the part of Biology. It was also found that the difference of means in parts of Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Geology and Astronomy shows the better performance of female sample group. As the achievement of girl’s students was better than the boy’s students. So, it is recommended that boy’s school teachers may change their teaching strategy or take other relevant steps to increase boy’s achievements in general science at elementary level.